正确地把 Neovim 用起来

# Arch
sudo pacman -S neovim ripgrep fd git
nvim --version   # 确认 ≥ 0.11，最好 0.12

# macOS（你的 M3 Max 那台）
brew install neovim ripgrep fd

~/.config/nvim/
├── init.lua                # 唯一入口，只做 require
├── lua/
│   ├── config/
│   │   ├── options.lua     # 选项 + leader 键
│   │   ├── keymaps.lua     # 全局快捷键
│   │   ├── autocmds.lua    # 自动命令
│   │   └── lazy.lua        # 引导插件管理器
│   └── plugins/            # 每个文件 = 一个/一组插件，自动加载
│       ├── treesitter.lua
│       ├── telescope.lua
│       ├── lsp.lua
│       ├── completion.lua
│       ├── formatting.lua
│       ├── ui.lua
│       ├── lang-react.lua  # 语言专属，可整文件增删
│       └── lang-python.lua
└── after/
    └── ftplugin/           # 按文件类型的局部设置
        └── python.lua

-- 顺序很重要：options 里设了 leader，必须早于插件加载
require("config.options")
require("config.keymaps")
require("config.autocmds")
require("config.lazy")     -- 最后引导 lazy.nvim

-- Leader 键必须在加载插件前设置，否则插件按键映射会用错前缀
vim.g.mapleader = " "          -- 空格作为 leader
vim.g.maplocalleader = "\\"

local opt = vim.opt
opt.number = true              -- 行号
opt.relativenumber = true      -- 相对行号（配合 5j / 3k 跳转）
opt.mouse = "a"
opt.clipboard = "unnamedplus"  -- 与系统剪贴板打通
opt.expandtab = true           -- Tab 转空格
opt.shiftwidth = 2
opt.tabstop = 2
opt.smartindent = true
opt.ignorecase = true          -- 搜索忽略大小写……
opt.smartcase = true           -- ……但含大写时区分
opt.termguicolors = true       -- 真彩色，主题正常显示的前提
opt.signcolumn = "yes"         -- 常驻标记列，避免诊断图标抖动
opt.scrolloff = 8              -- 光标上下保留 8 行
opt.undofile = true            -- 持久化撤销历史
opt.splitright = true
opt.splitbelow = true

local map = vim.keymap.set

map("n", "<leader>w", "<cmd>w<cr>", { desc = "保存" })
map("n", "<leader>q", "<cmd>q<cr>", { desc = "退出" })
map("n", "<Esc>", "<cmd>nohlsearch<cr>", { desc = "清除搜索高亮" })

-- 窗口间移动
map("n", "<C-h>", "<C-w>h"); map("n", "<C-l>", "<C-w>l")
map("n", "<C-j>", "<C-w>j"); map("n", "<C-k>", "<C-w>k")

-- 可视模式下移动选中行
map("v", "J", ":m '>+1<cr>gv=gv")
map("v", "K", ":m '<-2<cr>gv=gv")

-- 自动 clone lazy.nvim 到 data 目录（首次启动）
local lazypath = vim.fn.stdpath("data") .. "/lazy/lazy.nvim"
if not (vim.uv or vim.loop).fs_stat(lazypath) then
  vim.fn.system({ "git", "clone", "--filter=blob:none", "--branch=stable",
    "https://github.com/folke/lazy.nvim.git", lazypath })
end
vim.opt.rtp:prepend(lazypath)

require("lazy").setup({
  spec = {
    -- 关键：自动导入 lua/plugins/ 下的每一个文件作为插件规格
    { import = "plugins" },
  },
  install = { colorscheme = { "habamax" } },
  checker = { enabled = true, notify = false },  -- 后台检查更新
})

return {
  "nvim-treesitter/nvim-treesitter",
  branch = "master",            -- 经典稳定分支（main 分支正在重写中）
  build = ":TSUpdate",
  event = { "BufReadPost", "BufNewFile" },  -- 打开文件时才加载
  opts = {
    ensure_installed = { "lua", "vim", "vimdoc", "bash", "markdown" },
    highlight = { enable = true },
    indent = { enable = true },
  },
  config = function(_, opts)
    require("nvim-treesitter.configs").setup(opts)
  end,
}

return {
  "nvim-telescope/telescope.nvim",
  dependencies = {
    "nvim-lua/plenary.nvim",
    { "nvim-telescope/telescope-fzf-native.nvim", build = "make" },
  },
  cmd = "Telescope",            -- 按命令惰性加载
  keys = {                      -- 也可按键触发；按下才加载
    { "<leader>ff", "<cmd>Telescope find_files<cr>", desc = "查找文件" },
    { "<leader>fg", "<cmd>Telescope live_grep<cr>",  desc = "全局搜索" },
    { "<leader>fb", "<cmd>Telescope buffers<cr>",    desc = "缓冲区" },
    { "<leader>fh", "<cmd>Telescope help_tags<cr>",  desc = "帮助文档" },
  },
  config = function()
    require("telescope").setup({})
    pcall(require("telescope").load_extension, "fzf")
  end,
}

return {
  "neovim/nvim-lspconfig",
  dependencies = {
    { "mason-org/mason.nvim", opts = {} },     -- 安装器
    "mason-org/mason-lspconfig.nvim",          -- 桥接 mason 与 lspconfig
    "saghen/blink.cmp",                        -- 补全（提供 capabilities）
  },
  event = { "BufReadPre", "BufNewFile" },
  config = function()
    -- ① 给所有 server 注入补全能力（来自 blink.cmp）
    vim.lsp.config("*", {
      capabilities = require("blink.cmp").get_lsp_capabilities(),
    })

    -- ② 让 Mason 确保这些 server 已安装，装好后自动 enable
    require("mason-lspconfig").setup({
      ensure_installed = { "lua_ls" },   -- 通用的放这；语言专属的放各自文件
      automatic_enable = true,
    })

    -- ③ 针对单个 server 覆盖默认配置
    vim.lsp.config("lua_ls", {
      settings = { Lua = { diagnostics = { globals = { "vim" } } } },
    })

    -- ④ 快捷键：只在 LSP 真正挂到某个 buffer 时才绑定
    vim.api.nvim_create_autocmd("LspAttach", {
      callback = function(args)
        local m = function(k, fn, d)
          vim.keymap.set("n", k, fn, { buffer = args.buf, desc = "LSP: " .. d })
        end
        m("gd", vim.lsp.buf.definition, "跳转到定义")
        m("gD", vim.lsp.buf.declaration, "跳转到声明")
        m("<leader>ca", vim.lsp.buf.code_action, "代码操作")
        m("<leader>rn", vim.lsp.buf.rename, "重命名")
        m("<leader>d", vim.diagnostic.open_float, "查看诊断")
      end,
    })

    -- ⑤ 诊断显示样式（可选）
    vim.diagnostic.config({ virtual_text = true, severity_sort = true })
  end,
}

return {
  "saghen/blink.cmp",
  dependencies = { "rafamadriz/friendly-snippets" },
  version = "1.*",              -- 用稳定的 v1；v2 仍在大改
  event = "InsertEnter",        -- 进入插入模式才加载
  opts = {
    keymap = { preset = "default" },  -- <C-y> 确认, <C-n/p> 选择, <C-e> 关闭
    appearance = { nerd_font_variant = "mono" },
    completion = {
      documentation = { auto_show = true, auto_show_delay_ms = 250 },
    },
    sources = {
      -- 来源顺序即优先级：LSP 最先
      default = { "lsp", "path", "snippets", "buffer" },
    },
    fuzzy = { implementation = "prefer_rust_with_warning" },
  },
}

return {
  "stevearc/conform.nvim",
  event = "BufWritePre",
  cmd = "ConformInfo",
  opts = {
    formatters_by_ft = {
      lua = { "stylua" },
      -- 各语言的格式化器，在下面两个实例里继续填
    },
    -- 保存时格式化；某文件类型没配工具就回退到 LSP 自带的格式化
    format_on_save = { timeout_ms = 1000, lsp_format = "fallback" },
  },
}

return {
  "neovim/nvim-lspconfig",     -- 复用同一插件，lazy 会合并配置
  opts = function()
    -- 让 Mason 确保这些已装
    vim.list_extend(require("mason-lspconfig").get_installed_servers and {} or {}, {})
  end,
  config = function()
    -- ESLint：保存时自动 EslintFixAll
    vim.lsp.config("eslint", {
      on_attach = function(_, bufnr)
        vim.api.nvim_create_autocmd("BufWritePre", {
          buffer = bufnr, command = "EslintFixAll",
        })
      end,
    })

    -- 启用这一组前端服务器
    vim.lsp.enable({
      "vtsls", "eslint", "tailwindcss",
      "emmet_language_server", "html", "cssls",
    })
  end,
}

local prettier = { "prettierd", "prettier", stop_after_first = true }
formatters_by_ft = {
  lua = { "stylua" },
  javascript = prettier,  javascriptreact = prettier,
  typescript = prettier,  typescriptreact = prettier,
  css = prettier,  html = prettier,  json = prettier,
}

return {
  "neovim/nvim-lspconfig",
  init = function()
    -- init 在插件加载前运行，可叠加而不互相覆盖
    -- basedpyright：类型检查交给它
    vim.lsp.config("basedpyright", {
      settings = {
        basedpyright = {
          analysis = { typeCheckingMode = "standard" },
        },
      },
    })

    -- ruff：关掉它的 hover，让 basedpyright 提供文档，避免重复
    vim.lsp.config("ruff", {
      on_attach = function(client)
        client.server_capabilities.hoverProvider = false
      end,
    })

    vim.lsp.enable({ "basedpyright", "ruff" })
  end,
}

formatters_by_ft = {
  -- ……前面的
  python = { "ruff_organize_imports", "ruff_format" },
}

return {
  "mrcjkb/rustaceanvim",
  version = "^6",
  lazy = false,                -- 它是 ftplugin，自己管理加载
  -- 装好 rustup + rust-analyzer 后开箱即用
  -- 自定义放 vim.g.rustaceanvim = { ... }
}

local aug = vim.api.nvim_create_augroup("user", { clear = true })

-- 复制时高亮被复制的内容
vim.api.nvim_create_autocmd("TextYankPost", {
  group = aug,
  callback = function() vim.hl.on_yank() end,  -- 0.11+ 用 vim.hl
})

-- 保存时去掉行尾空白
vim.api.nvim_create_autocmd("BufWritePre", {
  group = aug,
  callback = function()
    local v = vim.fn.winsaveview()
    vim.cmd([[keeppatterns %s/\s\+$//e]])
    vim.fn.winrestview(v)
  end,
})

vim.opt_local.colorcolumn = "88"   -- ruff 默认行宽参考线
vim.opt_local.shiftwidth = 4
vim.opt_local.tabstop = 4

-- 只在 python buffer 生效的按键
vim.keymap.set("n", "<leader>rr", "<cmd>!python %<cr>",
  { buffer = true, desc = "运行当前文件" })